2012年中學(xué)英語教師招聘考試備考:專業(yè)重要知識點
動詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、詞組很多。復(fù)習(xí)時應(yīng)分類處理:
一、動詞+介詞
1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……,
look after …照料…
2.listen to…聽……
3.welcome to…歡迎到……
4.say hello to …向……問好
5.speak to…對……說話
此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞,其后必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后。如:
This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)
This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)
二、動詞+副詞
“動詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類:
A.動詞(vt.)+副詞
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前后皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。試比較:
First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)
First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)
First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)
B.動詞(vi)+副詞。
1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此類短語屬于不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。
三、其它類動詞詞組
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games.
介詞短語聚焦
“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語,F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。如:in English,in the hat
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/隊/班級/年級”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時間。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.
6.in the wall表示“在墻上(凹陷進去)”;on the wall表示“在墻上(指墻的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學(xué))/at home(在家)應(yīng)注意此類短語中無the。
8.at + 時刻表示鐘點。如:at six, at half , past ten.
9.like this/that表示方式,意為“像……這/那樣”。
10.of短語表示所屬關(guān)系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China.
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.
12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從……”,后者意為“到……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
熱點句型大回放
1.I think…意為“我認(rèn)為……”,是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,后常接地點,也可接人。如:
Please take the new books to the classroom.
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個是……;另一個是……”,必須是兩者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi),如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補,后者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么樣?”是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess?
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“該做……的時間了”,其中to后須接原形動詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動作;后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動作,試比較:
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動詞不定式,如:
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。如:
Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend.
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。如:Introduce your family to her.